Agriculture one liner

T.me/Agriculturecompetitors

|  *important one liner*

♦️ *Some_Imp_Questions*♦️

▪️

▪️Phenyl mercuric acetate (PMA) is a chemical used in agriculture crops in order to:  

Reduce transpiration 

▪️Jowar is known as: Camel crop Kings of coarse grains 

▪️ India is the second country after China to have commercialized the hybrid rice  

technology. 

▪️HD 2329 variety of wheat contributed maximum production during green revolution in India. 

▪️Plant rectangularity is: Plant to plant distance/row to row distance 

▪️In water erosion 3 m deep and more than 18 m wide gully is known as: Small gully (G2) 

▪️ 3-9 m deep and width of 18 m or more with side slope 8-15 % is known as: Medium gully (G3)

▪️Edible part of cauliflower is: Curd 

▪️Blanching is an important process of: Cauliflower 

▪️Whiptail of cauliflower is due to: MO Deficiency 

▪️Pusa ruby is a variety of: Tomato 

▪️Swaran roopa is the early variety of: Litchi 

▪️Pajaro is the variety of: Strawberry 

▪️Bolerois the variety of: Marigold 

▪️Richest source of vitamin C is: Barbados cherry 

▪️Largest importer of cut flower in the world: Germany 

▪️The dwarf variety of mango: Amrapali 

▪️California Papershell is the variety of Almond 

▪️Fruit of rose is known as: Hips

 

▪️Fruit of okra is a: Capsule 

▪️Coconut fat is a rich source of: Lauric acid 

▪️Coconut is propagated by: Seeds 

▪️Mango is mostly propagated through: Veneer grafting 

▪️Inflorescence of cauliflower is known as: Cyme 

▪️Inflorescence of cabbage is known as: Cat ken 

▪️Black heart of potato is due to: 02 deficiency 

▪️Pusa snowball is a variety of: Cauliflower 

▪️India's share in the fruit production in the World is: 10%

 

▪️Development of fruits without fertilization is called: Parthenocarpy

▪️Development of embryo without fertilization is known as: Apomixis 

▪️Oleoresin is an important product of: Chilli seeds or spices

▪️Kesar (saffron) belong to the family of: Iridiceae 

▪️Concentration of sugar is used for preservation is : 60-70 % 

▪️Mango variety suitable for high density planting is: Amrapali 

▪️Most salt tolerant fruit crop is: Date Palm 

▪️Fruit repining hormone is: Ethylene 

▪️A form of low pruning upto 2 m height of stem is called as Pollarding 

▪️Early variety of ber is: Gola, Seb 

Planting season for deciduous plants is Jan-Feb 

▪️The varicy of date- palm is used for dry dates (Chhuhara) Halawi 

▪️Generally fruits are in: Acidic nature 

▪️Baradari is an important feature of: Mughal garden 

▪️The fruit of pine apple is known as: Sorosis 

▪️Which crop is propogated by means of bulbils (clove): Garlic

 

▪️Edible banana fruit is seedless because of: Ambryo abortion 

▪️Multistoried cropping is popular in: Coconut plantation 

▪️Which is the late ripening cultivar of ber: Umran

Popular name of crops

T.me/Agriculturecompetitors

#Popular_names_of_some_important_crops

1. king of cereals - *Wheat* 

2. Queen of cereals- *Maize* 

3. King of vegetables- *potato* 

4. Poor mans meat- *soybean* 

5. famine reserves- *millets* 

6. camel crop- *sorghum* 

7. Queen of oilseed - *Sesame* 

8. king of oilseed- *G.N* 

.

9. Queen of fodder crop- *Lucerne* 

10.king of fodder cop- *barseem* 

11. vegetable meat- *Cowpea* 

12. Poor mans substitute for ghee-

 *Sesamum* 

13.poor mans friend- *Potato* 

14.poor mans food- *pearl Millet* 

15.King of weed *- Congress grass* 

16. Drosophila of crop plants- *Maize* 

17. king of coarse cereals- *Sorghum* 

18. king of fruits- *Mango* 

19.Queen of fruits- *Mangosteen* 

20.king of pulses- *Gram* 

21.Queen of pulses- *Pea* 

22.Queen of spices- *cardamom* 

23.King of flower- *Dahlia* 

24.Food of god- *Cocoa* 

25.Queen of beverage- *Tea* 

26.century plant- *date palm* 

27.White gold- *Cotton* 

28.Green gold- *Opium* 

29.king of arid fruits- *Ber* 

30.Poor's men fruits- *Ber* 

31.King of tamprate fruits- *Apple* 

32. Butter fruit- *Avocado* 

33. Adam's fig- *Banana* 

34. King of forest- *Teak* 

35. king of vegetable- *Brinjal* 

36. Queen of spices- *Cardamom* 

37. Poor man's orange-- *Tomato* 

38. Poor man's apple- *Guava* 

39. Love apple - *Tomato* 

40. Queen of oil seeds- *sesame( TIL)* 

41. King of spices- *BLACKPEPPER* 

43. Adam’s fig- *Banana* 

44. Kalpa Vriksha- *Coconut* 

45. Queen of flowers- *Rose* 

46. Green Gold- *Bamboo* 

47. Queen of beverage- *coffee* 

48. wonder crop- *soybean* 

49. Blanket flower is- *Gaillardia* 

50. Miracle fruit is- *kiwi* 

51. king of veg - *potato* 

52. Tree of paradise- *Banana* 

53. Apple of Paradise - *Banana* 

54. Monkey Jack - *Jack fruit* 

55. Apple of Tropic - *Guava* 

56. King of Arid fruits- *Ber*

 

57. Chinese Date - *Ber* 

58. Chinese Fig - *Ber* 

59.Five Corner fruit - *Carambola* 

60. Star Apple- *Phalsa* 

61. King of Temprate fruit - *Apple* 

62. Queen of Nut - *pecanut* 

63. King of Nut - *walnut* 

64. Gold mine of Wast land - *Cashew* 

65. Sapodilla plum - *Sapota* 

66. Fancy Fruit - *Mandarin* 

67. Black Plum - *Jamun* 

68. Indian Black Berry - *jamun* 

69. Black Plum - *Jamun* 

70. Melon Tree - *Japan* 

71. Indian Gooseberry - *Anola* 

72. Malacca Tree - *Anola* 

73. Wolf Apple - *Tomato* 

74. Vilayati Baigan - *Tomato* 

75. Butter Bean- *Lima Bean* 

76. Egg plant - *Brinjal* 

77. Kindney & Snap bean *- Frenchbean* 

78. Indian Bean *- Dolichos Bean* 

79. Horse & Faba Bean - *Broad bean* 

80. Vegetable of 20 century -  *WingedBean*  

81. Potato Bean - *Yam Bean* 

82. Misrikand - *Yam Bean* 

83. Balsam Pear- *Bitter Gaurd* 

84. Bitter Cucumber- Bitter *gaurd* 

85. Vegetable of Immensd Value -

 *Pumpkin* 

86. Wax & white Gaurd- *Ash gaurd* 

87. Swiss Chord - *Paalak* 

88. Beetleaf - *Palak* 

89. Horse Raddish Tree- *Drumstick* 

90. Vegetable of 21 century -

 *Chekurmanis* 

91. Black Eyed pea - *Cowpea* 

92. Wholesome Food - *Musklearner Melon* 

93. King of Annual Flower- *Pensy* 

94. Lovers Chain - *Coral Vine* 

95. Schlor's Tree - *Ashok* 

96. Bodhi Tree - *Pipal* 

97. Peacock - *Gulmohar* 

98. Blue Gum - *Safeda* 

99. China Shoe flower - *Gurhal* 

100. Pigeon Berry - *Duranta* 

101. Poorman's Orchid - *Schizanthus* 

102. Love in a Mist- *Nigella*

 

103. Star flower- *Phlox* 

104. Cone Flower - *Rudbeckia* 

105. Cape marigold - *Dimorphotheca* 

106. Pot Marigold - *Calendula* 

107. Dog Flower - *Antirrhin nihum* 

108. Bunny Rabbit - *Antirrhinum* 

109. Babys Breath - *Gypsophyla*

Thank you

History of plant breeding

• T.me/Agriculturecompetitors
  

@Agriculturecompetitors

🌾Landmark in Plant Breeding:🌾

1717: Thomas Fairchild: Developed first Inter specific hybrid between sweat William and Carnation Species of Dianthus.

1800: Knight, T.A (English): First used Artificial Hybridization in Fruit Crops.

1840: John Le Couteur: They developed the concept of progeny test individual plant selection in cereals.

1856: De Vimorin (French Biologist): Further elaborated the concept of progeny test and used same in Sugarbeet.

1865: Mendel, G.J (Austria): Discovered principles of inheritance in garden pea.

1890: Rimpu (Sweden): First made inheritance cross between bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) and rye ( Secale cereale ), which later on gave birth to triticale.

1900: De Varies (Holland) Correns (Germany) Tschermak ( Austria) Rediscovered Mendel laws of inheritance independently.

1900: Nilson, H (Swedish) :  Elaborated individual plant selection method.

1903: Johannsen, W.L: Developed the concept of pure line.

1908: Shull, G.H (US) East , E.M ( US) proposed over dominance hypothesis independently working with maize.

1908: Devenport, C.B: First proposed dominance hypothesis of heterosis. 

1910: Bruce, A.B. keable, F. and Pellew, C. Elaborated the dominance hypothesis of heterosis proposed by davenport.

1914: Shull, G.H: First used the term heterosis for hybrid vigour.

1919: Hays, H.K. Garber, R.J Gave initial idea about recurrent selection. They first suggested use of synthetic varieties for commercial cultivation in maize.

1920: East E.M and Jones, D.F, also gave initial idea about recurrent selection.

1925: East, E.M and Mangelsdorf, A.J: First discovered gametophytic system of self incompatibitlity in Nicotiana sanderae.

1926: Vavilov, N.I: Identified 8 main centers and 3 sub centers of crop diversity. He also developed concept of parallel series of variation or law of homologous series of variation.

1928: Stadler, L.J (US): First used X-rays for induction of mutations.

1936: East, E.M: Supported over dominance hypothesis of heterosis proposed by East and Shull in 1908.

1939: Goulden, C.H: First suggested the use of single seed descent method for advancing segregating generations of self pollinating crops.

1940: Jenkins, M.T: Described the procedure of recurrent selection.

1945: Hull, F.H: Coined the terms recurrent selection and overdominance working with maize.

1950: Hughes and Babcock:  First discovered sporophytic system of self incompatibility in Crepis foetida.

1952: Jensen, N.F:  First suggested the use of multi lines in oats.

1953: Borlaug, N.E: First outlined the method of developing multi lines in Wheat.

1964: Borlaug, N.E: Developed high yielding semi dwarf varieties of wheat which resulted in green revolution.

1965: Grafius, J.E: First applied Single Seed Descent (SSD) method in oats.

1970: Patel, C.T: Developed world’s first cotton hybrid for commercial cultivation in India.

1976: Yuan Long Ping et al: Developed world’s first rice hybrid ( CMS based) for commercial cultivation in China.

1987: Monsanto: Developed world’s transgonic cotton plant in USA.

1991: ICRISAT: Developed world’s first pigeon pea hybrid (ICPH 8) for commercial cultivation in India.

1908: Monsanto. USA: Identificaton of traitor gene, which responds to specific brand of fertilizers and insecticides.

🌾Indian Scientist:🌾

Dr. M.S. Swaminathan – Mutation breeding, developed semidwarf wheat varieties at IARI, New Delhi.

1) Maheshwari and Guha (1964)- Produced haploid plant in Vitro from pollen grain.

2) Barber and T.S venkatraman – Nobilization of sugarcane.

3) Dr. Athwal – Pioneer of Bajara breeder.

4) Ramiah- Pioneer of rice breeder 

5) Dr. N.G.P. Rao – Sorghum breeder.

6) Dr. Yogendra Nerkar- Former vice Chanceller of M.P.K.V develops Prabhavati mutant Rice variety.

Join us @Agriculturecompetitors

Please join our telegram channel. 

T.me/Agriculturecompetitors

Classification of fungicide

T.me/Agriculturecompetitors

🔰0Classification of Fungicide

➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖

🔘Fungicides can be broadly grouped based on their 

(i) mode of action

(ii) general use 

(iii) chemical composition.

1》 Based on mode of action

■Protectant🛡

As the name suggests, protectant fungicides are prophylactic in their behaviour. Fungicide which is effective only it applied prior to fungal infection is called a protectant, 

eg, Sulphur 

      zineb💊

■Therapeutunt🔬

Fungicide which is capable of eradicating a fungus after it has caused infection and there by curing the plant is called chemotherapeutunt

 eg. Carboxin. 

       Oxycarboxin 

       antibiotics like Aureofungin.

Usually chemotherapeutant are systemic in their action and affect the deep-seated infection💊

■Eradicant⚔

Eradicant are those which remove pathogenic fungi from an infection court (area of the host around a propagating unit of a fungus in which infection could possibly occur),

 eg. Organic mercurials,

       lime

       sulphur, dodine etc.💊

These chemicals eradicate the dormant or active pathogen from the host. 

They can remain effective on or in the host for some time. 

🎈🎈🎈🎈🎈🎈🎈🎈🎈🎈🎈🎈🎈

2 》 Based on general uses

The fungicides can also be classified hased on the nature of their use in nunaging the diseases.

1. Seed protectants: 

Eg. Captan

      thiram 

      organomercuncs

      carbendazim 

      carboxin etc💊

2. Soil fungicides (preplant) : 

Eg. Bordeaux mixture, 

      copper oxy chloride. 

      Chloropicrin.

      Formaldehyde 

       Vapam etc.💊

3. Soil fungicides: 

Eg. Bordeaux mixture, 

      Capton.

      PCNB, 

      thiram etc💊

4. Foliage and blossom: 

Eg. Captan , 

      zineb protectants 

      mancozeb, 

      chlorothalonil etc💊

5. Fruit protectants: 

Eg. Captan 

      maneb 

      carbendaim 

      mancozeb etc💊

6. Eradicunts: 

Eg. Organomercurials

      lime 

      sulphur, etc💊

7. Tree wound dressers: 

Eg. Boreaux paste, 

      chaubattia paste, etc💊

8. Antibiotics: 

Eg. Actidione, 

      Griseofulvin, 

      Streptomycin, 

      Streptocycline, etc💊

⚠️⚠️⚠️⚠️⚠️⚠️⚠️⚠️⚠️⚠️⚠️⚠️⚠️

3》 Based on Chemical Composition

The chemical available for plant disease control runs into hundreds, however, all are not equally safe, effective and popular. 

Major group of fungicides used include

salts of toxic metals

organic acids

organic compounds of sulphur mercury,

quinines and heterocyclic nitrogenous compounds. 

Copper

mercury

zinc and nickel 

are some of the metals used as base for inorganic and organic fungicides. 

The non metal substances include, sulphur, chlorine, phosphorous

Horticulture MCQ-2 for jrf and pre pg

           

Horticulture MCQ

t.me/Agriculturecompetitors

 Most abundant and basic Auxin is _____

(A) IAA

(B) NAA

(C) 1BA

(D) 2-4 D

Ans. A

. India is known as home of _____

(A) Vegetables

(B) Spices and Medicinal

(C) Fruits

(D) Flowers

Ans. B

High Water Use Efficiency (WUE)

(A) Flood irrigation

(B) Sprinkler

(C) Drip

(D) All of the above

Ans. C

. Protray are related to _____

(A) Post harvest

(B) Nursery

(C) Processing

(D) Transport

Ans. B

 Which test is used for testing the significance of mean differences?

(A) t-test

(B) f-test

(C) z-test

(D) k2-test

Ans. A

. Detrimental effect of host plant on the biology of insect is known as _____

(A) Non preference

(B) Tolerance

(C) Antibiosis

(D) Resistance

Ans. C

. Disease free plants in micro propagation can be obtained through _____

(A) Meristem culture

(B) Anther culture

(C) Embryo culture

(D) Cell culture

Ans. A

 Which of the following chemical is used for polyploidy breeding

(A) MH

(B) CCC

(C) NAA

(D) Colchicine

Ans. D

. Which of the following is an antifungal and an antibiotic

(A) Pimarcin

(B) Subtilin

(C) Nisin

(D) Zeatin

Ans. A

. Making an incision below a bud to retard its growth

(A) Nicking

(B) Ringing

(C) Notching

(D) Thinning

Ans. A

. Germination of seed while it still remains attached with the parent source

(A) Ovipary

(B) Apomixis

(C) Vivipary

(D) Asepsis

Ans. C

. Angle formed by attached of a branch to the trunk

(A) Conn

(B) Crown

(C) Corona

(D) Crotch

Ans. D

“Queen of Fruits” is called ______

(A) Avocado

(B) Mango

(C) Mangosteen

(D) Ber

Ans. C

“King of Fruits” is called _____

(A) Mango

(B) Guava

(C) Apple

(D) Citrus

Ans. A

“King of Temperate Fruits” is called _____

(A) Pear

(B) Apple

(C) Peach

(D) Kiwi Fruit

Ans. B

 “Queen of Nuts” is called ____

(A) Walnut

(B) Almond

(C) Peanut

(D) Date palm

Ans. C

. “King of Nuts” is called _____

(A) Walnut

(B) Almond

(C) Peanut

(D) Date palm

Ans. A

. “King of Arid Fruits” is called ____

(A) Aonla

(B) Pomegranate

(C) Phalsa

(D) Ber

Ans. D

. “Fruit of the 21st century” is called _____

(A) Jamun

(B) Ber

(C) Aonla

(D) Bael

Ans. C

 “Pusa Nanha” dwarf variety of Papaya is developed through _____

(A) Hybridization

(B) Mutation

(C) Selection

(D) Heterosis

Ans. B

Pusa Majestic is a variety of ____

(A) Papaya

(B) Gauva

(C) Mango

(D) Citrus

Ans. A

. The fruit of banana is botanically a/an

(A) Pepo

(B) Berry

(C) Pome

(D) Drupe

Ans. B

Chromosome number of Mango

(A) 2x = 40

(B) 4x = 40

(C) 3x = 40

(D) x = 40

Ans. B

. Chromosome number of Mangosteen

(A) 2x = 40

(B) 2x = 14

(C) 2x = 24

(D) 2x = 34

Ans. C

. Pollination in Mango is mainly

(A) House fly

(B) Honey bees

(C) Weevil

(D) Wind

Ans. A

. Polyploidy variety of Mango

(A) Vellaicollamban

(B) Olour

(C) Kurukkan

(D) All of the above

Ans. D

Which Mango variety is suitable for high density planting?

(A) Sindhu

(B) Amrapali

(C) Mallika

(D) Ambika

Ans. B

Seedless variety of Mango

(A) Mallika

(B) Safari

(C) Ratna

(D) Sindhu

Ans. D

. Which of the following is the edible part of Litchi

(A) Pericarp

(B) Kernal

(C) Fleshy aril

(D) Thalamus

Ans. C

 Regulation in mango to some extent can be induced with the application of _

(A) Paclobutrazol

(B) ABA

(C) Auxin

(D) Thiourea

Ans. A

. Which Papaya species is resistant to distortion ring-spot virus?

(A) Carica papaya

(B) Carica pentagona

(C) Carica cauliflora

(D) Carica microcarpa

Ans. C

. Gulabi is important cultivar of _

(A) Strawberry

(B) Litchi

(C) Pomegranate

(D) Grape fruit

Ans. B

 Which state is known as “Apple Bowl”

(A) Himachal Pradesh

(B) Uttrakhand

(C) J & K

(D) Punjab

Ans. A

. Apple is divided in how much grades

(A) 4

(B) 8

(C) 6

(D) 10

Ans. A

 Polyembryonic fruit crop (/crops) is (/are)

(A) Mango

(B) Citrus

(C) Jamun

(D) All of the above

Ans. D

Seed production and technology MCQ

t.me/Agriculturecompetitors


Seed production and technology MCQ


1. Seed lot certificate colour is–
(A) Orange (B) Green
(C) Purple (D) Orange or Green✓

2. Hot water treatment is used to break dormancy in–
(A) Lentil✓ (B) Cherry
(C) Cotton (D) None

3. Mak – 12 is a variety of–
(A) Maize (B) Medicago
(C) Bt Cotton✓ (D) Tomato

4. Difference between seed and grain is–
(A) Seed processing (B) Genetic purity✓
(C) Seed quality (D) Cost

5. Fanning mill is–
(A) Air screen cleaner✓ (B) Hammermill
(C) Blower (D) Rice mill

6. National Nematode collection of India is located at–
(A) New Delhi✓ (B) Dharwad
(C) Anand (D) Bangalore

7. Size of Saltation is–
(A) 0’1 – 0·5 mm✓ (B) < 0·1 mm
(C) 0’55 – 1 mm (D) > 0’1 mm

8. Seed coat peroxidase test is used for–
(A) Sorghum (B) Wheat
(C) Soybean✓ (D) Groundnut

9. Pure seed fraction in Abelmoschus esculen: “is–
(A) 98 (B) 95
(C) 99✓ (D) 96

10. ___ Sugar found in germinating seed in large amount–
(A) Maltose✓ (B) Sucrose
(C) Cellobiase (D) Lactose

11. The blotter method of seed health testing detects primarily–
(A) Virus (B) Fungi✓
(C) Bacteria (D) Nematodes

12. A sound seed certification programme requires–
(A) Direct participation of breeder✓
(B) Use of sophesticated equipment
(C) Classification of seed
(D) Support of law

13. The Rudimentary root of the seed or seedling that forms the primary root of the young plant is known as–
(A) Rachis (B) Radicle✓
(C) Rachilla (D) Raceme

14. Mode of pollination in maize is–
(A) Self-pollination (B) Vegetative propagation
(C) Cross-pollination✓ (D) None

15. T2 test colour of living tissues of seed changed to–
(A) Red✓ (B) Blue
(C) Yellow (D) Green

16. Maximum moisture content for safe storage in wheat seed is–
(A) 12✓ (B) 15
(C) 7 (D) None

17. The structure and function of nitrogenase can be studied by–
(A) NMR (B) EPR
(C) Massbauer spectroscopy (D) All✓

18. In India, normally how many generation system seeds are produced?
(A) 1 (B) 2
(C) 3✓ (D) 4

19. Dicot endospermic seed is–
(A) Castor (B) Fenugreek
(C) Both (A) and (B)✓ (D) Bean

20. When the pathogen is loosely mixed with seed in the form of sclerotia, galls etc are called–
(A) Infection (B) Infestation
(C) Contamination (D) Concomitant contamination✓

21. Slow drying seed is–
(A) Cereals (B) Rapeseed and mustard
(C) Grass (D) Pulses✓

22. Which is total root pparasite?
(A) Orobanchae (B) Conophalis
(C) Epitagus (D) All✓

23. +ve photoblastic seeds are–
(A) Nigella (B) Silene
(C) Nemophills (D) Arraranutum✓

24. Germination is inhibited by–
(A) Red light (B) Blue light
(C) IR light✓ (D) UV light

25. Tetrazolium test determine the level of activities of enzyme–
(A) ATPase (B) Dehydrogenase✓
(C) Carboxylase (D) Isomerase

26. Murate of potash is–
(A) K2S04 (B) KCl✓
(C) KN03 (D) K2HP04

27. Production of seedless grapes require–
(A) Gibberlins✓ (B) NAA
(C) Ethylene (D) IAA

28. Inflorescence of cauliflower is called–
(A) Catkin (B) Head
(C) Curd✓ (D) None

29. Pusa snow ball is variety of–
(A) Sapotqa (B) Cauliflower✓
(C) Ber (D) Cabbage

30. Development of embryo without fertillization is–
(A) Apomixis✓ (B) Amghimixis
(B) Parheno carpy (D) None

horticulture MCQ for JRF and pre pg

t.me/Agriculturecompetitors
https://www.instamojo.com/Agriculturecompetitors

1.Experiments used to study the effects of two or more factors and their interrelationship is  .... factorial experiments

2. Level of significance is the probability of  ...,.Type 1 error

3. The probability of an impossible event is ......zero

4. F test is also known as ..... variance ratio test

5. Coefficient of variation is calculated by SD/Mean

6. Relation between standard deviation and mean deviation is .......5MD=4SD

7. A student T test was given by..... WS Gossett

8. Rank correlation is tested by T test

9. The degree of flatness or peakness of the frequency curve is known as  .......kurtosis

10. Lack of symmetry of frequency distribution is known as skewness

11. The correlation Coefficient lies between -1 to + 1

 12 the off season mango variety is Niranjan

13. the ratio of pollenizer and main crop in Apple Orchard should be 9 : 1

14. seedless F1 hybrid of watermelon is pusa bedana

15. pointed gourd is propagated through stem cutting

16. oldest Banyan tree is located in Indian Botanical Garden Sibpore Kolkata

17.60 blaze is a variety of climber rose

18 mango variety most suitable for high density planting is Amrapali 1600 trees in one hectare

19 which type of inflore%scence is found in papaya auxiliary panicles

20. family of Jasmine oleaceae

21. seedlessness in grape is due to stenospermocarpy

22. The word vitamin was coined by casimir funk

23 which vitamin B is generally absent in vegetables vitamin B12

24 National Horticulture board was established at Gurgaon under which act the societies Registration Act 1860

25 largest family of flowering plant is orchidaceae

26 according to ICMR the recommended vegetables consumption in India is 300 gram per capita per day

27 per capita consumption of vegetables in India is 130 gram per day

28 International Institute of horticulture is situated in Brazil

29 seed plot technique in potato was developed by Dr Puskarnath

30. Which coloured brinjal is preferred by diabetic patients white colour

31 the acidity of tomato fruit is due to citric acid and malic acid

32 lycopene pigment is responsible for red colour in tomato it is highest at 2'C to 24'C

 33 the first root knot nematode resistant variety of tomato is sel-120

34 hormones used in cucurbits to modify sex and to induce femaleness GA & NAA(Agrimantra)

35 Ivy gourd is also known as kundru / little guard/ tondi/ coccinia

36 pointed gourd is propagated through stem cutting

37 seedless F1 hybrid of watermelon is pusa bedana

38 pusa arunima is crossed between amarpali*  sensation

39 fruit tyoe of mango Fleshy Drupe

40. Main nutrients of mango vitamin A (46660IU)

 41 mango variety most suitable for high density planting is Amrapali 1600 trees in one hectare

42 the off season mango variety is Niranjan

43 mango malformation a serious physical disorder was first observed in which state Bihar in 1891


44 the only citrus fruit which content malic acid  ...... sweet orange

45 the seedlessness in Banana is due to vegetative parthenocarpy

46 in banana the sequential cutting of the plant after harvest is called mottocking

47 lady finger is the variety of banana

 48 which type of inflorescence is found in papaya auxiliary panicles

49 m27 a variety of Apple as a result of cross between m13 and m9(Agrimantra)

50 the ratio of pollenizer and main crop in Apple Orchard should be 9 : 1

51 type of self incompatibility is found in Apple gametophytic

 52 the fruit recommended for sugar patient is Jamun

53 Ganesh Kirti is the variety of Ber

54 ne plus Ultra is the variety of almond

55 plum Blossoms Aroma is due to benzaldehyde

56 rootstock of cherry is colt

57 Gulkand is prepared by mixing rose petals and sugar in the ratio of 1 : 1

58 fruit of rose is known as hip

59 rose flowers required to produce 1 gram of oil 2000 flowers.

agriculture knowledge: Aim and objective of plant breeding

agriculture knowledge: Aim and objective of plant breeding: t.me/Agriculturecompetitors https://www.instamojo.com/Agriculturecompetitors ����Plant breeding is an art and science, which t...

Aim and objective of plant breeding

t.me/Agriculturecompetitors
https://www.instamojo.com/Agriculturecompetitors


🌾🌾Plant breeding is an art and science, which tells us ways and means to change the genetic architecture of plants so as to attain a particular objective. Plant breeding can be accomplished through many different techniques ranging from simply selecting plants with desirable characteristics for propagation, to more complex molecular techniques Plant breeding has been 

practiced for thousands of years, since near the beginning of human civilization. It is now 

practiced worldwide by individuals such as gardeners and farmers, or by professional plant breeders employed by organizations such as government institutions, universities, crop-specific industry associations or research centers.

The objectives may be

a) Crop improvement

b) Improved agronomic characters

c) Resistance against biotic and abiotic stress

1. Increased yield

Majority of our breeding programmes aims at increased yield. This is achieved by developing more efficient genotypes. The classical examples are utilization of Dee Gee Woo Gen in rice and Norin10 in wheat. Identification and utilization of male sterility

2. Improving the quality

 Rice -milling, cooking quality, aroma and grain colour

 wheat- milling and baking quality and gluten content.

 pulses -Protein content and improving sulphur containing amino acids

3. Elimination of toxic substance

 HCN content in jowar plants

 Lathyrogen content in Lathyrus sativus (βN oxalyamine alanine BOAA)

 Erucic acid in Brassicas

 Cucurbitacin in cucurbits

4. Resistance against biotic and abiotic stresses 

 Biotic stress: Evolving pests and diseases resistant varieties there by reducing cost of 

cultivation, environmental pollution and saving beneficial insects.

 Abiotic stress: It is location specific problem. Soil factors and edaphic factors some times 

poses severe problems. Breeding resistant varieties is the easy way to combat abiotic 

stress.

5. Change in maturity duration – Evolution of early maturing varieties

6. Improved agronomic characters -Production of more tillers – E.g. Rice, Bajra,

7. Reducing the plant height to prevent lodging – Rice

8. Photoinsensitivity – Redgram, sorghum

9. Non-shattering nature – Green gram, Brassicas

10. Synchronized maturity – Pulses

11. Determinate Growth habit –determinate growth – Pulses

12. Elimination or introduction of dormancy –Groundnut

Scope of plant breeding

Since the cultivable land is shrinking and there is no scope for increasing the area under 

cultivation, the only solution to meet the food requirement is by increasing the crop yield through genetic improvement of crop plants. There are two ways by which yieldi improvement is possible.

1. Enhancing the productivity of crops

This can be done

a) By the proper management of soil and crops involving suitable agronomic practices and 

harvesting physical resources.

b) By using high potential crop varieties created by appropriate genetic manipulation  crop plant

2. Stabilizing the productivity achieved

This is done by using crop varieties that are bred especially for wide adaptation or for 

specific crop zones to offset the ill effects of unfavorable environmental conditions prevailing in the areas.🌾🌾

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