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🌾Landmark in Plant Breeding:🌾
1717: Thomas Fairchild: Developed first Inter specific hybrid between sweat William and Carnation Species of Dianthus.
1800: Knight, T.A (English): First used Artificial Hybridization in Fruit Crops.
1840: John Le Couteur: They developed the concept of progeny test individual plant selection in cereals.
1856: De Vimorin (French Biologist): Further elaborated the concept of progeny test and used same in Sugarbeet.
1865: Mendel, G.J (Austria): Discovered principles of inheritance in garden pea.
1890: Rimpu (Sweden): First made inheritance cross between bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) and rye ( Secale cereale ), which later on gave birth to triticale.
1900: De Varies (Holland) Correns (Germany) Tschermak ( Austria) Rediscovered Mendel laws of inheritance independently.
1900: Nilson, H (Swedish) : Elaborated individual plant selection method.
1903: Johannsen, W.L: Developed the concept of pure line.
1908: Shull, G.H (US) East , E.M ( US) proposed over dominance hypothesis independently working with maize.
1908: Devenport, C.B: First proposed dominance hypothesis of heterosis.
1910: Bruce, A.B. keable, F. and Pellew, C. Elaborated the dominance hypothesis of heterosis proposed by davenport.
1914: Shull, G.H: First used the term heterosis for hybrid vigour.
1919: Hays, H.K. Garber, R.J Gave initial idea about recurrent selection. They first suggested use of synthetic varieties for commercial cultivation in maize.
1920: East E.M and Jones, D.F, also gave initial idea about recurrent selection.
1925: East, E.M and Mangelsdorf, A.J: First discovered gametophytic system of self incompatibitlity in Nicotiana sanderae.
1926: Vavilov, N.I: Identified 8 main centers and 3 sub centers of crop diversity. He also developed concept of parallel series of variation or law of homologous series of variation.
1928: Stadler, L.J (US): First used X-rays for induction of mutations.
1936: East, E.M: Supported over dominance hypothesis of heterosis proposed by East and Shull in 1908.
1939: Goulden, C.H: First suggested the use of single seed descent method for advancing segregating generations of self pollinating crops.
1940: Jenkins, M.T: Described the procedure of recurrent selection.
1945: Hull, F.H: Coined the terms recurrent selection and overdominance working with maize.
1950: Hughes and Babcock: First discovered sporophytic system of self incompatibility in Crepis foetida.
1952: Jensen, N.F: First suggested the use of multi lines in oats.
1953: Borlaug, N.E: First outlined the method of developing multi lines in Wheat.
1964: Borlaug, N.E: Developed high yielding semi dwarf varieties of wheat which resulted in green revolution.
1965: Grafius, J.E: First applied Single Seed Descent (SSD) method in oats.
1970: Patel, C.T: Developed world’s first cotton hybrid for commercial cultivation in India.
1976: Yuan Long Ping et al: Developed world’s first rice hybrid ( CMS based) for commercial cultivation in China.
1987: Monsanto: Developed world’s transgonic cotton plant in USA.
1991: ICRISAT: Developed world’s first pigeon pea hybrid (ICPH 8) for commercial cultivation in India.
1908: Monsanto. USA: Identificaton of traitor gene, which responds to specific brand of fertilizers and insecticides.
🌾Indian Scientist:🌾
Dr. M.S. Swaminathan – Mutation breeding, developed semidwarf wheat varieties at IARI, New Delhi.
1) Maheshwari and Guha (1964)- Produced haploid plant in Vitro from pollen grain.
2) Barber and T.S venkatraman – Nobilization of sugarcane.
3) Dr. Athwal – Pioneer of Bajara breeder.
4) Ramiah- Pioneer of rice breeder
5) Dr. N.G.P. Rao – Sorghum breeder.
6) Dr. Yogendra Nerkar- Former vice Chanceller of M.P.K.V develops Prabhavati mutant Rice variety.
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